ROOTED References
Below are the references used in the ROOTED movie. All are accessible via Medline.
1 "The Changing Face Of Dentistry - Endodontics" by Dr Paul V. Abbott BDSc, MDS, FRACDS(Endo). Australian Dental Association News Bulletin April 1996
2 J. Guttman et al J. Endo 13:12 1987
3 Stanley H "Pulpal responses to ionomer cements" JADA 1990
4 Samulson H., Sieraski S "diseases of the dental histopathology and pulp" ed/ Franklin S weine endodontic therapy 1989
5 U. Schellenberg et al J. Endo 18:3 1992
6 D. Pashley Clinical Considerations of Microleakage J. Endo 16:2 1990
7 Buck, R. A. DMD; Eleazer, P. D. DDS, MS; Staat, R. H. PhD; Scheetz, J. P. PhD Effectiveness of Three Endodontic Irrigants at Various Tubular Depths in Human Dentin Journal of Endodontics: Volume 27(3) March 2001 pp 206-208
8 I. Bender J. Endo 23:1 1997
One of the most respected root therapy specialists, Dr I. Bender,
makes the following statements:
9 Kesel RG a critique of methods in filling root canals. In Grossman LI editor. Transactions of the international conference on endodontics, Philadelphia 1958
10 Kesel RG a critique of methods in filling root canals. In Grossman LI editor. Transactions of the international conference on endodontics, Philadelphia 1958
11 Malcolm Davis . Periapical and Intracanal Healing following incomplete root canal fillings in dogs. Oral surgery may 1971 vol. 31 no 5
12 Australian Dental Association handout December 1996
13 E. Mandel Scanning Electron Microscope Observation of Canal Cleanliness. J. Endo. 16:6 1990
14 Josef Issels MD Cancer A second Opinion 1999 ISBN 0-89529-992-5
"Odontogenic toxins wherever they may have been produced, are
able to diffuse and circulate within the organism."
15 Focal Infection - The endodontic point of view Ehrmann Oral Surgery Vol 44 No 4 October 1977
16 Sundqvist, in 1976, isolated 88 species of bacteria from32 root canals with periapical disease.
17 Wu, Moorer, Wesselink. Capacity of anaerobic bacteria enclosed in a simulated root canal to induce inflammation. Int. Endodontic Journal (1989) 22, 269-277
18 Nair PN, Sjogren U, Krey G, Kahnberg KE, Sundqvist G J Endod 1990 Dec;16(12):580-588 Intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: a long-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study
19 J. Baumgartner J. Endo. 17:8 August 1991
20 Kobayashi T, Hayashi A, Yoshikawa R, Okuda K, Hara K Niigata Int Endod J 1990 Mar;23(2):100-106 The microbial flora from root canals and periodontal pockets of non-vital teeth associated with advanced periodontitis
21 Kobayashi T, Hayashi A, Yoshikawa R, Okuda K, Hara K Niigata
Ando N, Hoshino E Int Endod J 1990 Jan;23(1):20-27 Predominant obligate
anaerobes invading the deep layers of root canal dentin. Ando N,
Hoshino E
22 Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjogren U Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998 Jan;85(1):86-93 Microbiologic analysis of teeth with failed endodontic treatment and the outcome of conservative re-treatment
23 Sundqvist G, Figdor D, Persson S, Sjogren U
B Wayman et a. J. Endo 18:4 1992
24 Asikainen S, Alaluusua S Eur Heart J 1993 Dec;14 Suppl K:43-50
Bacteriology of dental infections.
M.K. Wu, Moorer Wesselink Int. Endodontic Journal (1989) 22, 269-277
25 Soekanto et al J. Endo 22:6 1996
26 Dr Weston A Price, Dental Infections - Oral and Systemic 1923
27 Philip Delivanis Oral Surgery 1981 Vol 52 No 4
28 E. Berutti et al J. Endo 23:12 1997Journal of Endodontics: Volume 27(3) March 2001 pp 206-208
29 Buck, R. A. DMD; Eleazer, P. D. DDS, MS; Staat, R. H. PhD; Scheetz, J. P. PhD Effectiveness of Three Endodontic Irrigants at Various Tubular Depths in Human Dentin Journal of Endodontics: Volume 27(3) March 2001 pp 206-208
30 1920 Dr Price
"….not only do we have great difficulty, amounting practically
to an impossibility, in completely sterilising tooth structure,
but also our efforts may result in the development of a more virulent
organism if we have not exterminated the last one."
31 Since the 1920's it has been evident that infections in teeth can seriously effect changes in other organs of the body: ( Weston Price )
32 (http://www.ada.org Jan 2005)
33 Horiba N, Maekawa Y, Matsumoto T, Nakamura H J Endod 1990 Jul;16(7):331-334 A
34 Alves J.A., Barrieshi K, Walton R. E., Wertz P. Wilcox L., Drake D. J Dent Res 1996; 75 (special issue):373 abstract 2847).
35 R. Nissan et al J. Endo 21:2 1995
36 Horiba N, Maekawa Y, Matsumoto T, Nakamura H J Endod 1990 Jul;16(7):331-334 A
37 Schein B J. of Endodontics 1975 Vol 1 No 1 Measurable quantities of endotoxins are found in root filled teeth.
38 Dr. Boyd Haley and Dr. Curt Pendergrass; [Affinity Labeling Technologies, Inc., USA] Bio-Probe journal (Vol 14-5); 1998
39 Penner A et al. J Exp Med 1960;111:145-53
40 Parnas I Science 1971;171:1153-5
41 Alper M Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1967;124:537-8
42 Palmiro C J Exp Med 1962 ;115:609-12
43 Toxicol Lett 1996 Jan;84(1):43-53 Effects of repeated exposures of hydrogen sulphide on rat hippocampal EEG. Skrajny B, Reiffenstein RJ, Sainsbury RS, Roth SH
44 Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1992 Nov;70(11):1515-1518 Low concentrations of hydrogen sulphide alter monoamine levels in the developing rat central nervous system. Skrajny B, Hannah RS, Roth SH
45 J Neurophysiol 1993 Jul;70(1):81-96 The actions of hydrogen sulfide on dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons in vitro. Kombian SB, Reiffenstein RJ, Colmers WF
46 Toxicol Ind Health 1995 Mar;11(2):185-197 Hydrogen sulfide and reduced-sulfur gases adversely affect neurophysiological functions. Kilburn KH, Warshaw RH
47 Beck J, Garcia R, Heiss G, Vokonas PS, Offenbacher J Periodontol 1996 Oct;67(10 Suppl):1123-1137 Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease
48 Kipioti A, Nakou M, Legakis N, Mitsis F Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1984 Aug;58(2):213-220 Microbiological findings of infected root canals and adjacent periodontal pockets in teeth with advanced periodontitis.
49 Kerekes K, Olsen I Endod Dent Traumatol 1990 Feb;6(1):1-5 Similarities in the microfloras of root canals and deep periodontal pockets.
50 Asikainen S, Alaluusua S Eur Heart J 1993 Dec;14 Suppl K:43-50 Bacteriology of dental infections.
51 M.K. Wu, Moorer Wesselink Int. Endodontic Journal (1989) 22,
269-277
Schein B J. of Endodontics 1975 Vol 1 No 1
52 Asikainen S, Alaluusua S Eur Heart J 1993 Dec;14 Suppl K:43-50 Bacteriology of dental infections.
53 M.K. Wu, Moorer Wesselink Int. Endodontic Journal (1989) 22, 269-277
54 Schein B J. of Endodontics 1975 Vol 1 No 1
55 Horiba N, Maekawa Y, Matsumoto T, Nakamura H J Endod 1990 Jul;16(7):331-334
56 A study of the distribution of endotoxin in the dentinal wall
of infected root canals.
Horiba et al. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Path. 1991 Vol 71
57 J Neurophysiol 1993 Jul;70(1):81-96 The actions of hydrogen sulfide on dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons in vitro. Kombian SB, Reiffenstein RJ, Colmers WF
58 Toxicol Ind Health 1995 Mar;11(2):185-197 Hydrogen sulfide and reduced-sulfur gases adversely affect neurophysiological functions. Kilburn KH, Warshaw RH
59 Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1992;32:109-134 Toxicology of hydrogen sulfide. Reiffenstein RJ, Hulbert WC, Roth SH
60 J Appl Physiol 1995 Feb;78(2):433-440 Sulfide-induced perturbations of the neuronal mechanisms controlling breathing in rats. Greer JJ, Reiffenstein RJ, Almeida AF, Carter JE
61 Malcolm Davis . Periapical and Intracanal Healing following incomplete root canal fillings in dogs. Oral surgery may 1971 vol. 31 no 5
62 C. Budd J.Endo 17:6 1991
63 F. Goldberg et al J. Endo 21:1 1995
64 J. Simons et al J. Endo 17:3 1991
65 Journal of Endodontics: Volume 26(1) January 2000 pp 29-31
66 Saliva penetration of filled root canals was considered to be
clinically significant
M. Magura J. Endo 17:7 1991
67 Leakage of Amalgam, Composite, and Super-EBA, Compared with a New Retrofill Material: Bone Cement Holt, Gary Matthew BS; Dumsha, Thom C. DDS, MS
68 Chong BS Pitt Ford TR Watson TF Wilson RF Sealing ability of potential retrograde root filling materials. Endod Dent Traumatol (1995 Dec) 11(6):264-9
69 Adamo HL Buruiana R Schertzer L Boylan RJ A comparison of MTA, Super-EBA, composite and amalgam as root-end filling materials using a bacterial microleakage model. Int Endod J (1999 May) 32(3):197-203
70 Higa RK Torabinejad M McKendry DJ McMillan PJ The effect of storage time on the degree of dye leakage of root-end filling materials. Int Endod J (1994 Sep) 27(5):252-6
71 Peters LB Harrison JW A comparison of leakage of filling materials in demineralized and non- demineralized resected root ends under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions. Int Endod J (1992 Nov) 25(6):273-8
72 Ayhan H Alacam A Olmez A Apical microleakage of primary teeth root canal filling materials by clearing technique. J Clin Pediatr Dent (1996 Winter) 20(2):113-7
73 Yatsushiro JD Baumgartner JC Tinkle JS Longitudinal study of the microleakage of two root-end filling materials using a fluid conductive system. J Endod (1998 Nov) 24(11):716-9
74 Wu MK Kontakiotis EG Wesselink PR Long-term seal provided by some root-end filling materials. J Endod (1998 Aug) 24(8):557-60
75 Torabinejad M Higa RK McKendry DJ Pitt Ford TR Dye leakage of four root end filling materials: effects of blood contamination. J Endod (1994 Apr) 20(4):159-63
76 Fogel BB A comparative study of five materials for use in filling root canal spaces. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol (1977 Feb) 43(2):284-99
77 Tollens H [Root canal filling materials (electron scanning microscope comparison of root canal adaptation to 3 endodontic filling products) Rev Belge Med Dent (1979) 34(4):351-84
78 (http://www.aae.org)
79 Stortebecker P "Dental Infectious Foci and diseases of the nervous system - spread of microorganisms and their products from dental infectious foci along direct cranial venous pathways eliciting a toxic - infectious encephalopathy" Acta. Psych Neural Scand 36 Suppl. 157 (1961) 62
80 Stortebecker P "The cranial venous system filled from pulp of a tooth - Proceedings" 3rd Int. Congress of Nero Surg. Copenhagen Aug 1965
81 Stortebecker P "Dental significance of pathways for dissemination from infectious foci." J Can Dent Assoc 33:6 1967 pp301-311
82 Stortebecker P "Chronic dental infections in the etiology of Glioblastomas. 8th int congress" Neuropathy. Washington D.C. Sept 1978 J Neuropth. Exp. Neurology 37(s) 1978
83 E. Pascon In Vitro Cytotoxicity of root canal filling materials. J. Endo. Vol 16 No 9 1990
84 In 1995, Economedes studied four different root filling cements.
They are amongst the most popular used at present - AH-26, Roth
811, CRCS, Sealapex all caused mild to severe tissue irritation;
Roth 811, CRCS induced zinc redistribution to different organs (liver,
kidney, uterus, brain;
AH-26 (induced changes in Ca content in some organs).
Economedes showed that zinc was distributed from root canals filled
with CRCS and Roth 811. High levels were found in the brain, kidney,
liver and uterus.
85 Journal of Endodontics: Volume 26(6) June 2000 pp 321-324 The Mutagenic Potential of AH+ and AH26 by Salmonella/Microsome Assay Jukiç, Silvana DDS; Miletiç, Ivana DDS; Aniç, Ivica DDS, PhD; Britviç, Smiljana PhD; Osmak, Maja PhD; Sistig, Suzana DDS
86 Neurotoxic effects of root filling materials on rat phrenic nerve in vitro. Brodin P Roed A Aars H Orstavik D [J Dent Res (1982 Aug) 61(8):1020-3 ]
87 Comparative neurotoxic effects of root canal filling materials on rat sciatic nerve. Serper A Ucer O Onur R Etikan I [J Endod (1998 Sep) 24(9):592-4 ]
88 Bengtsson, Ulf [Dental Materials In Endodontic Praxis. Ed 1.]
LiTH-IKP-I-137. 1990. http://www.gbg.bonet.se/bwf/art/endoSummary.html
89 Bengtsson, Ulf [Dental Materials In Endodontic Praxis. Ed 1.]
LiTH-IKP-I-137. 1990. http://www.gbg.bonet.se/bwf/art/endoSummary.html
90 Lewis BB Chestner SB Formaldehyde In Dentistry: A Review Of Mutagenic And Carcinogenic Potential J Am Dent Assoc (1981) 103(3):429-434
91 http://www.aesoc.com/
92 B. Briseno J. Endo. 16:8 1990
93 Geurtsen W Leyhausen G Biological aspects of root canal filling materials-- histocompatibility,cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity. Clin Oral Investig (1997 Feb) 1(1):5-11
94 Arenholt-Bindslev D Horsted-Bindslev P A simple model for evaluating relative toxicity of root filling materials in cultures of human oral fibroblasts. Endod Dent Traumatol (1989 Oct) 5(5):219-26
95 Chong BS Owadally ID Pitt Ford TR Wilson RF Cytotoxicity of potential retrograde root-filling materials. Endod Dent Traumatol (1994 Jun) 10(3):129-33
96 Chong BS Ford TR Wilson RF Radiological assessment of the effects of potential root-end filling materials on healing after endodontic surgery. Endod Dent Traumatol (1997 Aug) 13(4):176-9
97 Peltola M Salo T Oikarinen K Toxic effects of various retrograde root filling materials on gingival fibroblasts and rat sarcoma cells. Endod Dent Traumatol (1992 Jun) 8(3):120-4
98 Chong BS Ford TR Kariyawasam SP Tissue response to potential root-end filling materials in infected root canals. Int Endod J (1997 Mar) 30(2):102-14
99 Chong BS Pitt Ford TR Kariyawasam SP Short-term tissue response to potential root-end filling materials in infected root canals. Int Endod J (1997 Jul) 30(4):240-9
100 Pascon EA Spangberg LS In vitro cytotoxicity of root canal filling materials: 1. Gutta- percha. J Endod (1990 Sep) 16(9):429-33
101 Zhu Q Safavi KE Spangberg LS Cytotoxic evaluation of root-end filling materials in cultures of human osteoblast-like cells and periodontal ligament cells. J Endod (1999 Jun) 25(6):410-2
102 Ersev H Schmalz G Bayirli G Schweikl H Cytotoxic and mutagenic potencies of various root canal filling materials in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in vitro. J Endod (1999 May) 25(5):359-63
103 R. Gerosa et al J. Endo 21:9 1995
104 Chang, Yu-Chao DDS, MMS; Tai, Kuo-Wei DDS, MSD; Huang, Fu-Mei DDS, MMS; Huang, Ming-Fa DDS, MSD Journal of Endodontics: Volume 26(8) August 2000 pp 462-465
105 In Vitro Cytotoxicity of a New Epoxy Resin Root Canal Sealer Azar, Nasim Gheshlaghi DDS; Heidari, Mahnaz MSc; Bahrami, Zahra Samadi MSc; Shokri, Fazel PhD Journal of Endodontics: Volume 26(9) September 2000 pp 512-516
106 Biocompatibility of Two Current Adhesive Resins de Souza Costa, Carlos Alberto DDS, MS, PhD; Teixeira, Hilcia Mezzalira DDS; Lopes Nascimento, Alexandre Batista do DDS, MS, PhD; Hebling, Josimeri DDS, MS, PhD
107 A 41-yr-old patient experienced an anaphylactic shock reaction caused by formaldehyde in a root canal sealant during endodontic treatment. Journal of Endodontics: Volume 26(9) September 2000 p 529
108 Anaphylactic Shock during Endodontic Treatment due to Allergy to Formaldehyde in a Root Canal Sealant Haïkel, Youssef DCD, DSO, PhD; Braun, Jean Jacques MD; Zana, Hélène MD; Boukari, Abdessamad DCD, DSO; de Blay, Frédéric MD; Pauli, Gaby MD Journal of Endodontics: Volume 26(12) December 2000 pp 703-707
109 Cytotoxicity of Root Canal Filling Materials to Three Different Human Cell Lines Willershausen, Brita Prof. Dr. med. Dent.; Briseño Marroquín, Benjamin Prof. Dr. med. Dent.; Schäfer, Dirk Dipl. Biol.; Schulze, Ralf Dr. med. Dent.
110 Ranly DM Assessment of the systemic distribution and toxicity of formaldehyde following pulpotomy treatment: Part one. ASDC J Dent Child (1985 Nov-Dec) 52(6):431-4 ISSN: 0022-0353
111 Capra N. Andersopn KV. Pride JB. Jones TE simultaneous "Demonstration of Neuronal Somata that innovate the tooth pulp and adjacent periodontal tissues using two retrogradely transported anatomic markers." Exp. Neurol 86(1984) 165-170
112 Marfurt C. Turner D 'The central Projections of tooth pulp afferent neurons in the rat as determined by the Transganglionic transport of Horseradish Peroxidase" J. of Comp.Neuro 223 (1984) 535-547.
113 Marfurt C. Turner D Uptake and transneuronal transport of Horseradish Peroxidase - Wheat Germ aglutinin by Tooth Pulp Primary Afferent Neurons' Brain Res. 452(1988) 381-387
11 Arvidson J. Gobel S. "An HRP study of the Central Projections of Primary Trigeminal Neurons which innovate tooth pulps in the cat. Brain Res. 210 (1981) 1-16
115 Kristensson K., Olssan Y., Diffusion Pathways and Retrograde Transport in Peripheral nerves" Prog. In Neurobio. 1 (1973
116 Brodin P Roed A Aars H Orstavik D J Dent Res (1982 Aug) 61(8):1020-3
117 Serper A Ucer O Onur R Etikan I J Endod (1998 Sep) 24(9):592-4
118 Shklar , Person, Ratner. Oral pathology and Trigeminal Neuralgia III J Dent Res. 1976;55(B):299
119 Ratner E., Langer., Evins M., alveolar Cavitational Osteopathosis manifestations of an infectious process and its implications in the causation of chronic pain. J Periodoontal 1986;57:593-603
120 Lewis BB Chestner SB Formaldehyde In Dentistry: A Review Of Mutagenic And Carcinogenic Potential J Am Dent Assoc (1981) 103(3):429-434
121 Hata G. et al. "Systemic distribution of 14 c-labelled Formaldehyde applied in the root Canal following pulpectomy" J. of Endo 15 No11 1989 539-543
122 Ranly DM Assessment of the systemic distribution and toxicity of formaldehyde following pulpotomy treatment: Part one. ASDC J Dent Child (1985 Nov-Dec) 52(6):431-4
123 Ranly DM Assessment of the systemic distribution and toxicity of formaldehyde following pulpotomy treatment: Part one. ASDC J Dent Child (1985 Nov-Dec) 52(6):431-4
124 Friedberg et al Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of Formocresol on Developing chick embryos. J. Endo. Vol 16 No 9 1990
125 Avram DC Pulver F Pulpotomy medicaments for vital primary teeth. Surveys to determine use and attitudes in pediatric dental practice and in dental schools throughout the world. ASDC J Dent Child (1989 Nov-Dec) 56(6):426-34
126 P J Waterhouse, J Nunn and J M Whitworth, British Dental Journal VOLUME 188, NO. 1, JANUARY 8 2000
127 Stortebecker, P. Mercury poisoning from dental amalgam through a direct nose-brain transport. The Lancet, May 27, 1989.
128 AK Olson J. Endo 16:8 1990
129 S. Dorn J. Endo 16:8 1990
130 K. King Et Al J. Endo 16:7 1990
131 M. Yoshimura J. Endo 16:1 1990
132 S. Dazey et al J. Endo 16:1 1990
133 C. Nixon et al J. Endo 17:10 1991
134 P. Burtscher et al J. Endo 17:10 1991
135 E. Pissiotis et al J. Endo 17:5 1991
136 S. Inoue et al J. Endo 17:8 1991
137 T. Coen et al J. Endo 18:3 1992
138 D. Smith et al J. Endo 18:1 1992
139 P. Abbott et al J. Endo 18:11 1992
140 J. Smith et al J. Endo 18:4 1992
141 W. Wong et al J. Endo 20:12 1994
142 P. Randolph et al J. Endo 21:2 1995
143 M. Torabinejad et al J. Endo 21:3 1995
144 F. Goldberg et al J. Endo 21:10 1995
145 J. Welch et al J. Endo 22:11 1996
146 N Hosoya et al J. Endo 21:9 1995
147 F Gerhards et al J. Endo 22:9 1996
148 C. Lee et al J. Endo 23:4 1997
149 The American Association of Endodontists (http://www.aae.org):
"Facts About Root Canal Treatment and Endodontists
150 Caulk Co 1998
In proximal or occlusal contact to dissimilar metal restorations.
In patients with severe renal deficiency.
In patients with known allergies to amalgam.
For retrograde or endodontic filling.
As a filling material for a cast crown.
In children 6 and under.
In expectant mothers.
151 http://www.aae.org)
152 the Canadian Academy of Endodontics claim that;
153 "The Changing Face Of Dentistry - Endodontics" by Dr Paul V. Abbott BDSc, MDS, FRACDS(Endo). Australian Dental Association News Bulletin April 1996
154 Endodontic treatment and general health April 1996 A recent press report (Daily Mail, April 9 1996) suggested that the removal of endodontically-treated teeth could alleviate various health conditions, including arthritis and kidney and heart disease.
155 http://www.ase.org.au/media/Societies/ASE/Documents/Endontics%20Can%20Save%20That%20Tootha.pdf
156 12 April 1997
Dr Ralph Reid
12th Floor
TNG Building
141 Queen St
Brisbane
4000
Dear Dr Reid,
I am writing with a request for information which I hope you, as
president of the Australian Society of Endodontology (Inc.), will
be able to supply. I am a practicing general dentist in Sydney and
have a great interest in the area of Endodontics. My queries are
in relation to the patient education pamphlet;
"Relax- there is no need to lose your tooth…ENDODONTICS
(Root Canal Therapy) can save it for you".
1) In paragraph 2 it is written "Once the tooth is fully
formed the main source of nutrition for the tooth comes from the
tissues surrounding the root."
Could you please supply the references for this statement? Would
you also be kind enough to explain to me exactly how the tooth is
nourished from its surrounding tissues. Is this via the blood supply,
the lymph or by osmosis?
Interestingly the American Dental Association state in 2005 on
their web site
"Inside each tooth is the pulp which provides nutrients and
nerves to the tooth, it runs like a thread down through the root."
American Dental Association Web site Jan 2005 http://www.ada.org/public/topics/root_canal.asp
2) In the third paragraph it is written;
"Therefore, a tooth can function normally without its pulp
and can be kept indefinitely. After endodontic treatment the tooth
is pulpless, but it is NOT a dead tooth."
Again I would appreciate references to support this statement. By
suggesting that the tooth is not dead, one can only assume that
it is alive. For this to be so it must have some vascular supply.
If I am not mistaken the very procedure of Root Canal Therapy is
to remove the blood supply.
The statement (7th Paragraph) "During endodontic treatment,
the infected or damaged pulp is removed from the inside (i.e. root
canal) of your tooth."
Is it necessary to remove all infected dead pulp tissue from the
tooth? If not please supply references which describe the fate and
effect of remaining infected tissue.
If so please supply the references which demonstrate that all necrotic
and infected tissue can be removed from the tooth.
The 8th Paragraph states: "The root canals are then cleaned,
sterilised and shaped to a form that can be completely sealed."
Firstly I again request references to support this statement. Next
would you be kind enough to explain to me;
the procedure and medication recommended by the society which does
sterilise a tooth.
how is sterility of the tooth determined? Is it necessary to take
a swab of the tooth for culturing. If so should this be aerobic
or anaerobic.
if anaerobic testing is required could you please inform me of the
correct procedures.
please supply references which demonstrate the complete sealing
of a root canal.
Paragraph 11 talks of the sedative dressings and temporary fillings which are used to settle the tooth "and destroy any remaining bacteria" . References supporting this statement would be appreciated. Would you also list for me the medicaments which are currently recommended to achieve this outcome.
They also talk about dressings which "and destroy any remaining bacteria"
I appreciate that you may not be the author of this pamphlet and that this is indeed quite a large request. I believe though, that if I am to pass this pamphlet on to my patients, I would like to be in a position to be able to verify each of these statements by published, peer reviewed scientific papers.
If you are unable to furnish the answers to this request I would appreciate it if you could point me to the author of this paper. I thank you in advance for your response.
Yours sincerely Robert Gammal
***************
Following is their response.
Dear Dr Gammal,
Thank you for your original letter of the 12th April. The request
was handed on to our committee which handles educational matters.
I have just returned from three weeks away, hence the delay in replying
The committee made the following recommendations which are passed
on for your Information:
The pamphlet was written by a committee of specialist endodontists
as a public service to dentist's patients.
The pamphlet was then circulated to all specialist endodontists
in Australia for their comments, additions, etc before final printing.
The material was based on the committee members' general knowledge
of endodontics and not on specific references.
The statements are universally accepted by endodontists world-wide
and by the dental Profession in general.
There are no controversial issues raised in the pamphlets (this
was intentionally avoided by the committee)
NO specific references were used to write the pamphlets
ANY textbook on endodontics could be used to justify the statements
made in the pamphlets.
I hope this information is of some help in showing where the pamphlets
have come from.
Yours sincerely Ralph J Reid. President, ASE Inc (Bold emphasis
by Robert Gammal )
157 :"Transatlantic Transfer of Digitized Antigen Signal by
Telephone Link," J. Benveniste, P. Jurgens, W. Hsueh and J.
Aissa, "Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology - Program
and abstracts of papers to be presented during scientific sessions
AAAAI/AAI.CIS Joint Meeting February 21-26, 1997"]
158 California PROPOSITION 65:
Warning on dental amalgam, used in many dental fillings, causes
exposure to mercury, a chemical known to the state of California
to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm.
Root canal treatments and restorations including fillings, crowns and bridges, use chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer.
159 Dental Infections - Oral and Systemic Being a contribution to the Pathology of Dental Infections, Focal infections and the Degenerative Disseases. Weston A Price DDS., MS., FACD Cleveland Ohio The Penton Press Co Cleveland 1923
160 Charlton BR Channing-Santiago SE Bickford AA Cardona CJ Chin RP Cooper GL Droual R Jeffrey JS Meteyer CU Shivaprasad HL et al Preliminary
161 characterization of a pleomorphic gram-negative rod associated with avian respiratory disease. J Vet Diagn Invest (1993 Jan) 5(1):47-51
162 Cantwell AR Variably acid-fast pleomorphic bacteria as a possible cause of mycosis fungoides. A report of a necropsied case and two living patients J Dermatol Surg Oncol (1982) 8(3):203-213
163 Cantwell AR Lawson JW Necroscopic Findings Of Pleomorphic, Variably Acid-Fast Bacteria In A Fatal Case Of Kaposi's Sarcoma J Dermatol Surg Oncol (1981) 7(11):923-930
164 Eisenberg RJ Montgomery PC Characterization of an antibody directed against a surface component of normal and pleomorphic cells of Streptococcus sanguis. Infect Immun (1975 Sep) 12(3):668-78
165 Maeda N Anaerobic, gram-positive, pleomorphic rods in human
gingival crevice.
Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ (1980 Mar) 27(1):63-70
166 Ishikawa O Aerobic gram-positive pleomorphic rods isolated
from dental plaque
and gingival crevice. Bull Tokyo Med Dent Univ (1980 Mar) 27(1):71-7
167 Bauld J Marshall KC Quantitative description of morphological changes during growth of a pleomorphic budding bacterium. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1971) 37(4):401-7
168 Wainwright M Highly pleomorphic staphylococci as a cause of cancer. Med Hypotheses (2000 Jan) 54(1):91-4
169 Journal of the American Dental Association Vol 42 June 1951(619-633)
170 J of Endodontics Vol3 No 5 May 1976
171 Hubert Newman Focal infection Dent Res 75 (12) 1996 t Newman Focal infection Dent Res 75 (12) 1996 edited by Irwin Mandel (Assoc. Dean for Research School of Dental and Oral Surgery Colombia University New York )
172 Walsh LJ Serious complications of endodontic infections: some
cautionary tales.
Aust Dent J (1997 Jun) 42(3):156-9 ISSN: 0045-0421
173 N. Tani et al J. Endo 18:2 1992 A wide range of pathobiological properties are attributed to the most frequently isolated endodontic pathogens
174 Siskin M Oral Surg. 1977 Vol 43 No 3 Various immunologic diseases may be associated with Pulpal-Periapical Disease
175 Rubin et al Oral Surg 1976 Vol 41 No 1 Three cases of infection of total hip replacements following Root Canal Therapy in 2 cases and Periodontal Surgery in 1 case.
176 J Am Dent Assoc 1995 Apr;126(4):469-72; quiz 499-500 Abscess involving the left eye that originated as a dental abscess
177 J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995 Feb;53(2):203-8 1995 Feb Cervical cellulitis and mediastinitis caused by odontogenic infections
178 Rapoport Y et al Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991 Jul;72(1):15-8 Cervical necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin
179 Mattila KJ et al Atherosclerosis 1993 Nov;103(2):205-11 Dental infections and coronary atherosclerosis
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